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Correct C/C++ format string for printf()/scanf()

Using the correct format string for printf(), scanf(), etc. is not trivial. Furthermore, not all compiler warn when a wrong specifier is being used, which may lead to a crash.

... By Markus Fleschutz 🕑 June 06, 2019

DATATYPE      → SPECIFIER TO USE
================================
int           → %d for decimal

unsigned int  → %u for decimal, %x for hex and %o for octal

long          → %ld for decimal

unsigned long → %lu for decimal, %lx for hex and %lo for octal

size_t        → %zu for decimal or %zx for hex

float         → %f

double        → %lf

char *        → %s for a C string

void *        → %p to print the pointer itself